Semnan University Press Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research 2345-508X 13 4 2026 12 01 Evaluation of Mass Transfer Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process Based on the Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky Model ارزیابی ویژگی‌های انتقال جرم فرآیند نمک‌زدایی اسمز معکوس بر اساس SPIEGLER-KEDEM-KATCHALSKY 439 447 9943 10.22075/jhmtr.2025.33417.1527 EN Dnya Sharif Mohammed Kurdistantechnical Institute, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Ibtisam Kamal Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Science and Technology, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq Abdulsamad Abdulhameed Siemens Energy, Department of Operation, Khormala Power Plant, Erbil, Iraq Journal Article 2024 03 14 In previous work, the reverse osmosis (RO) process was evaluated based on the potential synergy of Process Design and response surface methodology (RSM) methodologies, and the effects of membrane age, percentage recovery, concentrations of salts, pH, temperature, and pressure of feed water and the rejected brine concentration were optimized and modeled. The current work includes the determination of phenomenological parameters of mass transfer for RO membrane systems using the Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky model. The mass transfer coefficient and membrane permeability for salts were determined as a function of temperature and percentage recovery. The calculations of mass transfer parameters were based on a reference RO membrane (ESPA4-LD-4040), a three stage RO process, a 3-year membrane age with 95% and 85% recovery, a permeate flow 20 m3/h, pH 7, a constant feed TDS of 800 mg/l, constant pump pressure for feed water of 15 bar, and feed-water temperatures of 4, 8.2, 25, 30, and 42oC. The results showed that when the temperature increases from 4°C to 42°C, the mass transfer coefficient increases by 35.44% for 95% recovery, and 83.97% for 85% recovery, respectively. A general mathematical model describing the relationship between the mass transfer coefficient and feed water temperature, water permeability, and salt permeability was developed. The Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky model proved its capability for membrane performance evaluation through the determination and correlation of the phenomenological parameters of mass transfer for the membrane system. https://jhmtr.semnan.ac.ir/article_9943_5837e05c0213dc1617e409543331442c.pdf