Design Concepts and Meta-Analytical Evaluation of Passive Cooling Systems Using Phase Change Materials to Enhance Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency in Hot Climates

Ali, Ghalib A.

doi:10.22075/jhmtr.2026.41481.1963

Design Concepts and Meta-Analytical Evaluation of Passive Cooling Systems Using Phase Change Materials to Enhance Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency in Hot Climates

Articles in Press

Document Type : Full Length Research Article

Author

Ghalib A. Ali

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

10.22075/jhmtr.2026.41481.1963

Abstract

The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels significantly deteriorates under high-temperature conditions, especially in arid and tropical regions. This study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of 15 experimental investigations assessing the effectiveness of passive cooling techniques primarily phase change materials (PCMs) in reducing PV module temperature and enhancing electrical output. Using the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) as a normalized effect size metric, the findings revealed a substantial average temperature reduction (ΔT) of over 10°C (SMD = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.74-3.96) and a considerable improvement in power conversion efficiency (SMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08-2.30). Subgroup analysis indicated that nanoparticle-enhanced, eutectic, and bio-based PCMs achieved the most consistent results. The study confirms the practical viability of PCM-based thermal regulation and recommends hybrid integrations with natural convection and radiative cooling. These outcomes carry direct implications for PV system design, sustainability policy, and renewable energy deployment strategies in hot climate zones.

Keywords

Passive cooling, photovoltaic panels, phase change materials (PCM), thermal management, energy efficiency, meta-analysis, hot climates, standardized mean difference (SMD), bio-based PCM, radiative cooling

Keywords

Passive cooling

photovoltaic panels

phase change materials (PCM)

thermal management

energy efficiency

Subjects