Thermal Performance of CuO-Water Nanofluid Flows Within a Wavy Channel Under the Influence of an External Magnetic Field

Document Type : Full Length Research Article

Authors

Laboratory of Development in Mechanics and Materials, LDMM, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria

Abstract

Simulation analysis to evaluate the impact of combined enhancement techniques on forced convection flow patterns and heat transfer is investigated in the present work. More precisely, a Newtonian nanofluidic flow flowing in complex sinusoidal geometry subjected to an external magnetic field is studied. This last is applied uniformly/non-uniformly to different values of the Hartmann number ranging from 0 to 50 in the fluid domain and oriented horizontally by; γ=0, γ= π/4 and γ=π/2. Hydrodynamic and thermal behavior changes are examined in terms of secondary flow intensity, velocity profile, shear and rotation rates, the temperature profile pattern and the non-dimensional Nusselt number. Findings illustrate that the improvement in parietal heat transfer varies depending on the applied procedure, where the percentage of increase varies from 1% to 14% depending on each case. Specifically, the full application of the magnetic field at an angle of 𝜋/2 improves the average Nusselt number from 10.5 to 12, almost by 14% compared to the no-magnetic-field scenario. Also, applying a partial magnetic field in the 𝜋/4 and 𝜋/2 orientations leads to an improvement in heat exchange of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% compared to the base case.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]   Dwivedi, A., Khan, M. M., Pali, H. S., 2023. A comprehensive review of thermal enhancement techniques in microchannel heat exchangers and heat sinks. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim, 148(23), pp. 13189–13231. doi: 10.1007/S10973-023-12451-3.
[2]   Steinke, M. E. and Kandlikar, S. G., 2006. Single-phase liquid friction factors in microchannels. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 45(11), pp. 1073–1083. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.01.016.
[3]   Chiam, Z. L., Lee, P. S., Singh, P. K., Mou, N., 2016. Investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer in wavy micro-channels with alternating secondary branches. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 101, pp. 1316–1330. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.097.
[4]   Sakanova, A., Keian, C. C., Zhao, J., 2015. Performance improvements of microchannel heat sink using wavy channel and nanofluids. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 89, pp. 59–74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.033.
[5]   Mohammed, H. A., Bhaskaran, G., Shuaib, N. H., Abu-Mulaweh, H. I., 2011. Influence of nanofluids on parallel flow square microchannel heat exchanger performance. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 38(1), pp. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2010.09.007.
[6]   Sui, Y., Lee, P. S., Teo, C. J., 2011. An experimental study of flow friction and heat transfer in wavy microchannels with rectangular cross section. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 50(12), pp. 2473–2482. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.06.017.
[7]   Ghani, I. A., Sidik, N. A. C., Mamat, R., Najafi, G., Ken, T. L., Asako, Y., Japar, W. M. A. A., 2017. Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sink using hybrid technique of ribs and secondary channels. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 114, pp. 640–655. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.103.
[8]   Monavari, A., Jamaati, J., Bahiraei, M., 2021. Thermohydraulic performance of a nanofluid in a microchannel heat sink: Use of different microchannels for change in process intensity. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 125, pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.045.
[9]   Fadhl, B. M., Makhdoum, B. M., Ma’arif, A., Suwarno, I., Hamzah, H., Salem, M., 2023. Dynamic viscosity modeling of nanofluids with MgO nanoparticles by utilizing intelligent methods. Energy Reports, 9, pp. 5397–5403. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.04.369.
[10] Sui, Y., Teo, C. J., Lee, P. S., Chew, Y. T., Shu, C., 2010. Fluid flow and heat transfer in wavy microchannels. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 53(13), pp. 2760–2772. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.02.022.
[11] Mohammed, H. A., Gunnasegaran, P., Shuaib, N. H., 2011. Numerical simulation of heat transfer enhancement in wavy microchannel heat sink. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 38(1), pp. 63–68. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2010.09.012
[12] Xie, G., Chen, Z., Sunden, B., Zhang, W., 2013. Comparative Study of the Flow and Thermal Performance of Liquid-Cooling Parallel-Flow and Counter-Flow Double-Layer Wavy Microchannel Heat Sinks. Numer. Heat Transf. Part A Appl., 64(1), pp. 30–55. doi: 10.1080/10407782.2013.773811.
[13] Sakanova, A., Zhao, J., Tseng, K. J., 2015. Investigation on the Influence of Nanofluids in Wavy Microchannel Heat Sink. IEEE Trans. Components, Packag. Manuf. Technol., 5(7), pp. 956–970. doi: 10.1109/tcpmt.2015.2441114.
[14] Saleem, S. and Heidarshenas, B., 2021. An investigation on exergy in a wavy wall microchannel heat sink by using various nanoparticles in fluid flow: two-phase numerical study. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 145(3), pp. 1599–1610. doi: 10.1007/s10973-021-10771-w.
[15] Ghorbani, N., Targhi, M. Z., Heyhat, M. M., Alihosseini, Y., 2022. Investigation of wavy microchannel ability on electronic devices cooling with the case study of choosing the most efficient microchannel pattern. Sci. Reports, 12, 5882. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09859-6.
[16] Devi, N. R., Moolya, S., Öztop, H. F., Abu-Hamdeh, N., Padmanathan, P., Satheesh, A., 2022. A review on ferrofluids with the effect of MHD and entropy generation due to convective heat transfer. Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 137(4), pp. 1–30. doi: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02616-8.
[17] Zitouni, K., Aidaoui, L., Lasbet, Y., Tayebi, T., 2023. Entropy Generation-Based Analysis of Laminar Magneto-Convection in Different Cross-Section Channel Filled with Ferrofluid and Subjected to Partial and Full Magnetic Fields. J. Nanofluids, 12(5), pp. 1275–1297. doi: 10.1166/jon.2023.2013.
[18] Kumar, M. D., Jawad, M., Ramanuja, M., Ghodhbani, R., Yook, S. J., Abdallah, S. A. O., 2025. Forecasting heat and mass transfer enhancement in magnetized non-Newtonian nanofluids using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm: influence of activation energy and bioconvection. Mech. Time-Dependent Mater., 29(1), pp. 1–24. doi: 10.1007/s11043-024-09739-8.
[19] Kumar, M. D., Gurram, D., Yook, S. J., Raju, C. S. K., Shah, N. A., 2025. Optimising thermal performance of water-based hybrid nanofluids with magnetic and radiative effects over a spinning disc. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 258, p. 105336. doi: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2025.105336.
[20] Kumar, M. D., Raju, C. S. K., Sajjan, K., Dharmaiah, G., Shah, N. A., Yook, S. J., 2025. Deep neural network-based prediction and computational fluid dynamics analysis of convective heat transfer in dusty fluid flow over heated surface. Phys. Fluids, 37(2). doi: 10.1063/5.0250396/3334189.
[21] Kumar, M. D., Raju, C. S. K., Shah, N. A., Yook, S. J., Gurram, D., 2025. Support vector machine learning classification of heat transfer rate in tri-hybrid nanofluid over a 3D stretching surface with suction effects for water at 10°C and 50°C. Alexandria Eng. J., 118, pp. 556–578. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.061.
[22] Hamzah, H., Albojamal, A., Sahin, B., Vafai, K., 2021. Thermal management of transverse magnetic source effects on nanofluid natural convection in a wavy porous enclosure. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 143(3), pp. 2851–2865. doi: 10.1007/s10973-020-10246-4.
[23] Sohail, M., El-Zahar, E. R., Mousa, A. A., Nazir, U., Althobaiti, S., Althobaiti, A., Shah, N. A., Chung, J. D., 2022. Finite element analysis for ternary hybrid nanoparticles on thermal enhancement in pseudo-plastic liquid through porous stretching sheet. Sci. Reports, 12, 9219. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12857-3.
[24] Babu, M. J., Rao, Y. S., Kumar, A. S., Raju, C. S.K., Shehzad, S. A., Ambreen, T., Shah, N. A., 2022. Squeezed flow of polyethylene glycol and water based hybrid nanofluid over a magnetized sensor surface: A statistical approach. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 135, p. 106136. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106136.
[25] Zhang, K., Shah, N. A., Alshehri, M., Alkarni, S., Wakif, A., Eldin, S. M., 2023. Water thermal enhancement in a porous medium via a suspension of hybrid nanoparticles: MHD mixed convective Falkner’s-Skan flow case study. Case Stud. Therm. Eng., 47, p. 103062. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.103062.
[26] Shah, N. A., 2025. Stagnation point on the micropolar bioconvection nanofluid flow over inclined Riga plate: Keller box analysis. Phys. Fluids, 37(1). doi: 10.1063/5.0250554/3329641.
[27] Cho, C. C., Chiu, C. H., Lai, C. Y., 2016. Natural convection and entropy generation of Al2O3–water nanofluid in an inclined wavy-wall cavity. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 97, pp. 511–520. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.01.078.
[28] Mamourian, M., Milani Shirvan, K., Ellahi, R., Rahimi, A. B., 2016. Optimization of mixed convection heat transfer with entropy generation in a wavy surface square lid-driven cavity by means of Taguchi approach. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 102, pp. 544–554. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.06.056.
[29] Asadi, A., Hossein Nezhad, A., Sarhaddi, F., Keykha, T., 2019. Laminar ferrofluid heat transfer in presence of non-uniform magnetic field in a channel with sinusoidal wall: A numerical study. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 471, pp. 56–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.09.045.
[30] Aidaoui, L., Lasbet, Y., Selimefendigil, F., 2020. Improvement of transfer phenomena rates in open chaotic flow of nanofluid under the effect of magnetic field: Application of a combined method. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 179, p. 105649. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105649.
[31] Aidaoui, L., Lasbet, Y., Selimefendigil, F., 2022. Effect of simultaneous application of chaotic laminar flow of nanofluid and non-uniform magnetic field on the entropy generation and energetic/exergetic efficiency. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 147(10), pp. 5865–5882. doi: 10.1007/s10973-021-10905-0.
[32] Kenniche, S., Aidaoui, L., Lasbet, Y., Boukhalkhal, A. L., Loubar, K., 2024. Simulation of enhancement techniques impact on fluid dynamics and thermal mixing of laminar forced convection flow. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 149(12), pp. 6265–6280. doi: 10.1007/s10973-024-13176-7.
[33] Tumse, S., Zontul, H., Hamzah, H., Sahin, B., 2023. Numerical Investigation of Magnetohydrodynamic Forced Convection and Entropy Production of Ferrofluid Around a Confined Cylinder Using Wire Magnetic Sources. Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 48(9), pp. 11591–11620. doi: 10.1007/s13369-022-07470-5.
[34] Brinkman, H. C., 1952. The Viscosity of Concentrated Suspensions and Solutions. J. Chem. Phys., 20(4), p. 571. doi: 10.1063/1.1700493.
[35] Maxwell, J. C., 2010. A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Cambridge University Press., doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511709340.
[36] Pirmohammadi, M.,  and Ghassemi, M., 2009. Effect of magnetic field on convection heat transfer inside a tilted square enclosure. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 36(7), pp. 776–780. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.03.023.
[37] Selimefendigil, F.,  and Öztop, H. F., 2014. Numerical study of MHD mixed convection in a nanofluid filled lid driven square enclosure with a rotating cylinder. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 78, pp. 741–754. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.07.031.
[38] Moghadassi, A., Ghomi, E., Parvizian, F., 2015. A numerical study of water based Al2O3 and Al2O3–Cu hybrid nanofluid effect on forced convective heat transfer. Int. J. Thermal Sciences., 92, pp. 50–57. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.01.025.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 09 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 27 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 01 June 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics